The Impact Of Technology On Society Today - 1825 Words

There is no doubt that technology plays a big role in society today. Whether people like it or not, one thing is definite: technology is not going anywhere. Having grown up in the midst of the digital revolution, technology was going to be a part of my life, and it most definitely has. No matter if it is the Internet, computers, cell phones, tablets, video games; I have been exposed to all of them. However, of all the pieces of technology I have used, the one I cannot live without would have to be my laptop. This year has opened my eyes to how important it is to have a nice laptop. Whether I am taking notes in class, doing research online, typing a paper, surfing the web, or Skyping my family back home, I am always using my laptop. Sure, I still use my cell phone a lot, but I honestly do not use social media on it as I used to. So really the main purposes for my cell phone are what they should be for; making phone calls and sending texts. If I did not have a laptop, it would make goi ng to school more challenging, I would spend much more time at the library using their computers and could not enjoy lying in bed watching my favorite show on Netflix. Of course I could handle not having a laptop. However, after completing my first year away at school, my eyes have been opened to the importance of having one, and I have seen how dependent I am on mine. I use the technology I use because it makes my life easier, simpler, and more efficient. I also use technology because itShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On Society Today1477 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Technology on Society Throughout history, our ingenuity has provided us with a resource in which our society has become greatly dependent on. Coal, a solid stone like fossil fuel, has been found to be useful in many different ways like refining materials, use of it s by-products and heat, but coal has been mainly used as a source of energy used to power machinery and produce electricity. It is the resource that powered the machines responsible for the industrial revolution nearly twoRead MoreTechnology Impact Today s Society1099 Words   |  5 PagesTechnologies impact in today’s society is constantly changing, but not always for the better. â€Å"One of five children under the age of sixteen now own a smartphone. (â€Å"The Gadget Website†) The average age of a child that receives their first cell phone is eleven. I worry about a child’s well-being when I see them with these devices. On my tenth, birthday my father bought me a cell phone. I was unaware of the potential consequenc es I later faced when I misused it. Parents are giving children phones withoutRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Todays Society Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: THE IMPACT The Impact of Technology In Today’s Society â€Å"How has technology changed our lives?† Throughout the years we have been experiencing a dramatic change in the world of technology. IPhone’s, Blackberries, and laptops are becoming an important part of our daily lives. We are all so dependentRead MoreThe Developmental Impact Of Technology On Today s Society937 Words   |  4 PagesThe Developmental Impact of Technology on Today’s Society Society has become slaves to technology. Our society depends so greatly on technology that we have lost the ability of face to face communication. Nowadays all you see are people with their face stuck in their phones or latest gadgets and being oblivious to the world. The obsession and need to use technology affects every developmental stage. The affect starts at the young age of infancy and continues into childhood, adolescence, and adulthoodRead MoreTechnology Has Made A Huge Impact On The World And Society Today1498 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Technology has made a huge impact on the world and society today. It is used throughout many peoples’ daily lives and it has become a necessity in many professions due to its capabilities. In the medical field, technology is used very frequently to fulfill many tasks. Because the medical field is so broad, many different technologies are used throughout the different fields. Veterinarians use different types of technology since they do not deal with humans. There are three main areasRead MoreImpact of the Light Bulb and Cell Phone on Society1353 Words   |  6 Pagesthe past century, it is astonishing how much technology has evolved in every sense. From light bulbs that lasted only ten hours, to bulbs that can now last over ten thousand hours. From a simple cellular phone only capable of making phone calls, to today’s smartphones that have effectively changed the way we interact with one another. Although there will always be opponents of technology, there is no denyin g that is has positively impacted modern society, and the way we live, work, and communicateRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Technology On Us And Our Society Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of the Modern Technology on us and our society. Today it is hard to imagine what our lives would look like without the technology that surrounds us, it is even harder to imagine what our lives would be with the technological advancements that begun to take shape during the industrial revolution that, begun in England during the 18th century. The industrial revolution brought on many changes into humans everyday lives, allowing us as mankind to increasingly become smarter, faster andRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Society792 Words   |  4 Pages How Technology Affects Society Without technology, would the world people live in today be as successful? Bill Gates once stated, â€Å"’The first rule of any technology used in a business is that automation applied to an efficient operation will magnify the efficiency.’ ‘The second is that automation is applied to an inefficient operation will magnify the inefficiency.’† Although some people feel that technology makes a negative impact on society, it does not. Technology has improved theRead MoreThe History of Chemistry and Its Influene on Technology Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesof years. One thing that has been so important in society is chemistry. Chemistry has changed a lot of ways how humans lived on earth, it has helped people understand the biology of life. one thing that has been so influencing and effective to life and chemistry is the periodic table. The periodic table was found in 1871 by Dimitri Mendeleev, this is the most important thing to science. Chemistry has ti ed a lot to technology in society. Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledgeRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesworld is increasing very rapidly, and new innovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford). There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the

Lying to an Nco - 1048 Words

first thing I am going to talk about in this essay is the seven army values and the importance of them to the army. In the US army we are taught to live by the Seven Army Values. They are broken down to us in the acronym â€Å"LDRSHIP†. Loyalty â€Å"Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. constitution, the Army, and other soldiers. † Duty â€Å" Fulfill you obligations. † Respect â€Å" Treat people as they should be treated . † Selfless Service â€Å" Put the welfare of the nation, the Army and your subordinates above your own. † Honor â€Å" Live up to the army values.† Integrity â€Å"Do what is right legally and morally. † and Personal Courage â€Å" Face fear, danger or adversity (physical or moral). † We are all drilled on these seven army values from day one of basic†¦show more content†¦It is because of our organization’s need to maintain a state of constant order that lying can not, must not, and sha ll not be tolerated. I aim to one day be able to use the lessons learned from my mistakes as an example for future soldiers that may one day fall into myShow MoreRelatedLying to an Nco1054 Words   |  5 Pagesright legally and morally. † and Personal Courage â€Å" Face fear, danger or adversity (physical or moral). † We are all drilled on these seven army values from day one of basic training. First we commit them to memory. Then we learn to live by them. Lying is looked upon in society as one of the most deceiving and unforgiving acts known to man. The definition alone speaks volumes as to why a person, or a whole nation for that matter, would think of this act of incompetence in such a negative eyesightRead MoreCivilian Life vs. Military Life Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesknow that you are there. A similarity that the civilian life has and that the US Army has is in a sense a rank structure. In the Army you have the Specialist and below that do the work and work for the Non Commision Officers (NCO), and the NCO works for the Senior Enlisted NCO, which works for the officers. In the civilian world you have the trainees and the person that has not worked at a company for very long that works for a manager, which works for the owner etc†¦ Here is a poem that has been goingRead MoreEnlisted Force901 Words   |  4 Pagescounseling. They exceed the standards set by the Junior Airman tier and set a bar for others to follow. Noncommissioned officers are technical experts, and are still continuously learning as to improve themselves. An NCO can be counted on both on and off duty as a wingman. Whenever necessary a NCO will provide corrective action to an airman below them. Noncommissioned officers should promote leadership courses for their airman and themselves for improvement. Senior Noncommissioned officers are to provideRead MoreTraining Cadre ( Conducted The Week Prior ) Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagesfollow FM 7-22 during the set hours. If other PT is conducted, that is when you can utilize more advanced trends (crossfit, P90X ect). †¢ 0600 should start the main part of PRT. Allow OCs to conduct all preparation prior to 0600. †¢ Look at certifying 1 NCO per company as Master Fitness Sustain: †¢ Cadre lead first few days of PRT to ensure OC’s understood the standard. †¢ Allowing OCs to create their own PRT plan is a great idea for evaluation purposes LAND NAV Improvements: †¢ BN and CO SOP need to beRead MoreIntegrity Is The Greatest Moral Obligation Essay746 Words   |  3 Pages As a result, an environment of lying and deceit is birthed and your Soldiers will eventually lie to you. A 2015 publication from U.S. War College Press revealed that leader integrity degradation is rampant amongst the military. For example, leaders at all levels were forging mission readiness reports for briefing purposes; however if given deployment orders to conduct a crucial mission within 48 hours, the unit would not be able to support. (Gerras 2015) Lying not only affects honor, but it alsoRead MoreImportance Of Trust : The Importance Of Trust1775 Words   |  8 Pagesa friend s house all afternoon playing video games. Now you might choose to be very angry and upset because he should know better than to lie to you because lying is wrong. You might start thinking: I can t trust him if he lies to me. How can we possibly have a good relationship if he s going to lie to me? We all can agree that lying is not an effective way to create a satisfying quality of relationship. However, you want to consider that there s a way to look at the situation that is lessRead MoreSoldering2610 Words   |  11 Pagesanyone in your chain of command, we are here for you. 2. MILITARY BEARING: When dealing with anyone senior in rank to you, handle yourself with absolute professionalism. You will use proper Military etiquette when addressing any OFFICER or NCO. This means ALWAYS standing at either Attention or Parade Rest, as the situation dictates. There is no variation to this. You should never have to be reminded of this because it is showing proper respect. I don’t care if you are hanging out withRead MoreImportance Of Integrity And Meaning Of Integrity1890 Words   |  8 Pagesintegrity. This service member was an NCO that did not agree how some of his fellow NCO battle buddies treated their soldiers. As an NCO you are a leader that your soldiers look up to for guidance and structure. Soldiers look up to their NCO’s for advice life lessons and work experience. As an NCO you have no room for favoritism you need to be professional all soldiers are entitled to outstanding leadership. This Service member was mentioning how other NCOs deny soldier promotions due to their personalRead MoreAccountability Essays749 Words   |  3 Pageseverything you do, people will begin to lose faith in you, and in turn you will not only lose your credibility but their trust as well. After a certain point excuses become less relevant or believable and you are seen and/or treated as if you were lying. No leader likes the â€Å"It wasn’t my fault†, â€Å"I was gonna†, or â€Å"see what had happened was† guy/gal and you shouldn’t want to be him/her. It is always better to hold yourself accountable for your own actions, you will gain a lot more respect that wayRead MoreMilitary Customs and Courtesy Essay2506 Words   |  11 Pagessenior’s position. Military customs and courtesies are never marks of inferiority because they do not aim nor are they intended to humiliate. When Officers and NCOs step outside the realm of their ranks authority, which some do, it breeds a feeling of discont ent and disrupts the professional quality of the environment. Officers, NCOs and Soldiers alike need to realize that everyone has individual ideas and disrespect is subjective. It is a custom that junior ranking personnel show their respect

None Provided4 Essay Paper Example For Students

None Provided4 Essay Paper DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS OVER THE DECADESA Computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by compiling and correlating other forms of information. The modern world of high technology could not have come about except for the development of the computer. Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data, from secret governmental files to banking transactions to private household accounts. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing through the techniques of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems. They are essential tools in almost every field of research and applied technology, from constructing models of the universe to producing tomorrows weather reports, and their use has in itself opened up new areas of conjecture. Database services and computer networks make available a great variety of information sources. The same advanced techniques also make possible invasions of privacy and of restricted information sources, but computer crime has become one of the many risks that society must face if it would enjoy the benefits of modern technology. (Gulliver 12-15)Imagine a world without computers. That would mean no proper means of communicating, no Internet, no video games. Life would be extremely difficult. Adults would have to store all their office work paper and therefore take up an entire room. Teenagers would have to submit course-works and projects hand-written. All graphs and diagrams would have to be drawn neatly and carefully. Youngsters would never have heard of video-games and will have to spend their free time either reading or playing outside with friends. But thanks to British mathematicians, Augusta Ada Byron and Charles Babbage, our lives are made a lot easier. (Malone 5-6)There are two main types of computers that are in use today, analog and digital computers, although the term computer is often used to mean only the digital type. Analog computers exploit the mathematical similarity between physical interrelationships in certain problems, and employ electronic or hydraulic circuits to simulate the physical problem. Digital computers solve problems by performing sums and by dealing with each number digit by digit. (Cringley 28-30)Hybrid computers are those that contain elements of both analog and digital computers. They are usually used for problems in which large numbers of complex equations, known as time integrals, are to be computed. Data in analog form can also be fed into a digital computer by means of an analog- to-digital converter, and the same is true of the reverse situation. (Cringley 31-32)The French philosopher Blaise Pascal devised the first adding machine, a precursor of the digital computer, in 1642. This device employed a series of ten-toothed wheels, each tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9. The wheels were connected so that numbers could be added to each other by advancing the wheels by a correct number of teeth. In the 1670s the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz improved on this machine by devising one that could also multiply. The French inventor Joseph Marie Jacquard, in designing an automatic loom, used thin, perforated wooden boards to control the weaving of complicated designs. During the 1880s the American statistician Herman Hollerith conceived the idea of using perforated cards, similar to Jacquards boards, for processing data. Employing a system that passed punched cards over electrical contacts, he was able to compile statistical information for the 1890 U.S. census. (Hazewindus 44-48)Also in the 19th century, the British mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage worked out the principles of the modern digital computer. He conceived a number of machines, such as the Difference Engine, that were designed to handle complicated mathematical problems. Many historians consider Babbage and his associate, the British mathematician Augusta Ada Byron (Lady Lovelace, 1815-52), the daughter of the English poet Lord Byron, the true inventors of the modern digital computer. The technology of their time was no t capable of translating their sound concepts into practice; but one of their inventions, the Analytical Engine, had many features of a modern computer. It had an input stream in the form of a deck of punched cards, a store for saving data, a mill for arithmetic operations, and a printer that made a permanent record. (Hazewindus 56-58)Late in the 1960s the integrated circuit, or IC, was introduced, making it possible for many transistors to be fabricated on one silicon substrate, with inter- connecting wires plated in place. The IC resulted in a further reduction in price, size, and failure rate. The microprocessor became a reality in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the large-scale integrated (LSI) circuit and, later, the very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit, with many thousands of interconnected transistors etched into a single silicon substrate. .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e , .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e .postImageUrl , .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e , .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e:hover , .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e:visited , .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e:active { border:0!important; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e:active , .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4687f0a4071b7f14b5c9c436931a844e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Autism EssayTo return, then, to the switch-checking capabilities of a modern computer: computers in the 1970s generally were able to check eight switches at a time. That is, they could check eight binary digits, or bits, of data, at every cycle. A group of eight bits is called a byte, each byte containing 256 possible patterns of ONs and OFFs (or 1s and 0s). Each pattern is the equivalent of an instruction, a part of an instruction, or a particular type of datum, such as a number or a character or a graphics symbol. The pattern 11010010, for example, might be binary data-in this case, the decimal number 210 (see NUMBER SYSTEMS)-or it might tell the computer to compare data stored in its switches to data stored in a certain memory-chip location. (Gulliver 30-33)The development of processors that can handle 16, 32, and 64 bits of data at a time has increased the speed of computers. The complete collection of recognizable patterns-the total list of operations-of that a computer is capable is called its instruction set. Both factors-number of bits at a time, and size of instruction sets-continue to increase with the ongoing development of modern digital computers. (Dolotta 7-13)Major changes in the use of computers have developed since it was first invented. Computers have expanded, via telephone lines, into vast nation-wide, or worldwide, networks. At each extremity of the network is a terminal device, or even a large computer, which can send jobs over the wire to the central computer at the hub of the network. The central computer performs the computation or data processing and sends the results over the wire to any terminal in the network for printing . Some computer networks provide a service called time-sharing. This is a technique in which software shifts the computer from one task to another with such timing that it appears to each user at a terminal that he has exclusive use of the computer. (Malone 59-62)Other developments in the industry are aimed at increasing the speed at which data can be transmitted. Improvements are being made continually in modems and in the communications networks. Some public data networks support transmission of 56,000 bits per second (bps), and modems for home use are capable of as much as 56kbps. (Chposky 40-42)CDs have developed a lot over the past decade. At first, they were used only for music. Now, there are CDs from which we can play PC games and watch movies. The games at present are usually 3D. This means that the game seems almost life-like or virtual. One can spend hours playing games on CD because they are addictive. This is one of the main disadvantages of computer games, because the person prevents himself or herself from doing anything educational or engaging themselves in any physical activities. Another common disadvantage is that playing too much on the computer can cause bad eyesight. But there are a few educational games for young children to help them learn and understand things better. Games may not be all that good for an individual, but if seen how they are programmed one will realize that it is not all easy to program a game. (Gulliver 100-105)A few years ago, if one were bored, they would usually go to a video shop and rent a movie. Now one can rent Movie CDs and play them on the computer and special Movie CD players, which are also installed. We have made many advantages though the years, and we are still making more in leaps and bounds. Computers have become a major part of our lives, and will continue to be forever. Chposky, James. Blue Magic. New York: Cringley, Robert X. Accidental Empires. Reading, MA: Dolotta, T.A. Data Processing: 1940-1985. New York: Gulliver, David. Silicon Valley and Beyond. Berkeley, Ca: Berkeley Area Government Press, 1981. Hazewindus, Nico. The U.S. Microelectronics Industry. New York: Malone, Michael S. The Big Scare: The U.S. Computer Industry. Garden City, NY: Doubleday ; Co., 1985. Bibliography:

The Challenges and Opportunities Facing Today’s Leaders and Managers free essay sample

All these will be discussed in detail in the following report and all findings will be references in the references section at the end of the report. Definitions of Leaders/ Leadership The person who leads or commands a group, organization, or country. (Oxford University Press, 2013) Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience (Jago, 1982). Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership knowledge and skills. This is called Process Leadership (Jago, 1982). However, we know that we have traits that can influence our actions. This is called Trait Leadership (Jago, 1982), in that it was once common to believe that leaders were born rather than made. These two leadership types are shown in the chart below. Figure 1: Trait and Process Theory of leadership (Source: Clark, 2013) Definitions of Managers/ Management A person responsible for controlling or administering an organization or group of staff. We will write a custom essay sample on The Challenges and Opportunities Facing Today’s Leaders and Managers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Oxford University Press, 2013) A Manager is the person responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and taking corrective action when necessary. For many people, this is their first step into a management career. Managers may direct workers directly or they may direct several supervisors who direct the workers. The manager must be familiar with the work of all the groups he/she supervises, but does not need to be the best in any or all of the areas. It is more important for the manager to know how to manage the workers than to know how to do their work well. This is quite a good definition of a manager and to sum it up in one sentence quoted from the Harvard Business school text: ‘A manager is someone who gets results through other people’. When we look at the two in comparison we can see that leadership and management are both important, but they seek to do different things. Some say that good leadership is more important than good management; leadership and management are crucial factors that determine the company’s further development. Effective leaders will focus on your future and good managers will focus on your present operations. They are not the same thing but are also complementary to each other. * The manager administers, the leader innovates * The manager is a copy, the leader is an original. * The manager maintains, the leader develops Source: The Wall Street Journal, 2013) The challenges and opportunities that face both in today’s world Being an effective leader/manager is all about being someone who leads by example. A manager is someone who simply follows the job objective. Today both have to be strong communicators, it is vital that they understand the two-way nature of communication so th ey are able to nurture good ideas from employees on an on-going basis. One of the biggest challenges that they face is to lead a sometimes very diverse team to work as one unit in harmony while being productive. I would argue that the ability to prioritise in the face of difficulty, conflicting reactions while at the same time remain calm and able to communicate outwardly the reasons behind this prioritisation are key challenges faced daily in such a post on a daily basis. Some common situations that call for leaders and managers to use their resources include: * Public criticism, especially uninformed criticism, of your group or mission. * Flare-ups of others interpersonal issues, either within the group or outside it. Crises, which could be tied to finances, program, politics, public relations (scandals), legal concerns (lawsuits), even spiritual issues (loss of enthusiasm, low morale). * Disasters. These are different from crises, in that, in a crisis, something important (usually negative, but not always) seems to be happening, and youre trying to control the situation. In a disaster, the worst has already happened, and youre trying to deal with that in some way. * Opposition and/or host ility from powerful forces (business groups, local government, an influential organization, etc. * A financial or political windfall. Sometimes an unexpected benefit can be harder to handle than a calamity. * Collaboration with another group or organization may call upon a leader to define clearly the boundaries within which he can operate, and to balance the needs of his own group with those of the collaborative initiative as a whole. * Dealing with outstanding and underperforming employees, this will require more of your time and time you may not have however to keep either employee time must be given to them to grow and nurture into the role or another role in the company. This is by no means a comprehensive list, and most managers/leaders will be able to think of many other possibilities from their own experience. Its clear, however, that they are often tested by external events and people. What are some of the general strategies they can use to cope with these and other external and therefore often unpredictable and uncontrollable circumstances? (Berkowitz, 2013) Opportunities Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Fredrick Herzberg’s motivational theory Hersey-Blanchard situational leadership theory Options What possible solutions do they have? Different types of motivation that could be implemented in this situation Do nothing as one option Evaluation Look at how to implement this Financial costs Complexity to lead to recommendation What type of Motivation would you pick and why? Conclusion Look at the broader picture and towards the future and where you could implement this in similar situations in the future. References Berkowitz, B. (2013). Recognizing the Challenges of Leadership. [On-line]. The Community toolbox. Available from: http://ctb. ku. du/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1126. aspx [Accessed 25/05/2013]. Oxford University Press, (2013). Oxford Dictionaries. [On-line]. Oxford University Press. Available from: http://oxforddictionaries. com/definition/english/manager [Accessed 25/05/2013]. Oxford University Press, (2013). Oxford Dictionaries. [On-line]. Oxford University Press. Available from: http://oxforddictionaries. com/definition/english/leader [Accessed 25/05/2013]. Jago, A. G. (1982). Leadership: Perspectives in theory and research. Management Science, 28(3), 315-336. Clark, D. 2013). Concepts of Leadership. A Big Dog, Little Dog and Knowledge Jump Production. [On-line]. Available from: http://www. nwlink. com/~donclark/leader/ahold/trait_process_leadership. png [Accessed on 27/05/2013]. http://management. about. com/od/policiesandprocedures/g/manager1. htm The Wall Street Journal. (2013). What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?. [On-line]. Available from: http://guides. wsj. com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what-is-the-difference-between-management-and-leadership/ [Accessed 25/05/2013].

Beyond Magic essays

Beyond Magic essays Only David Copperfield, the greatest magician alive and of all time, can put on a show and influence peoples perspective on how things are viewed and seen. Copperfield being named one of 10 outstanding men in American U.S. Jaycees is just one of many achievements Copperfield is proud of. Although people view Copperfield as an illusionist and that is it, Copperfield actually uses his magic in other ways that just in his shows, but most people look at the trick itself and not the entire performance. Although there is more than just the trick to the show, there are certain aspects Copperfield uses in all of his performances. Lights. The lights dim down. The curtain rolls open with thunder. Music. An open elevator is seen up above the stage while fog and rock n roll fill the auditorium. The empty elevator is closed and shown empty with light shining through a screen. Magic. Suddenly, a shadow appears and the elevator is now opened to reveal the star of the show, David Copperfield! Even though the spectators mouths have dropped and some are already on there feet applauding, the show has just begun. Lights, music, and magic are all parts of a spectacular show: a spectacular show that David Copperfield performs over five hundred times a year! Copperfield is considered the master of disappearing acts. (Dawes and Seterington 55). There are not too many things Copperfield hasnt made disappear. He has made everything vanish from assistants to motorcycles to a jet airliner, which was the highlight of the 1981 TV special (Gubernick, Newcomb). On autumn of 1983, Copperfield took his vanishing act a step higher once again by attempting to vanish the Statue of Liberty. It will be known as the most famous object vanished, known by millions of people and by David Copperfield (Current Biography 92 ed. 135). That evening Copperfield temporarily removed the 450,000-pound symbol off freedom form plain view...

Slavery in the Southern States essays

Slavery in the Southern States essays In early America, the southern states quickly realized that crops such as tobacco and cotton were very much in demand. The land and climate were excellent for the growth of these crops and slave labor was perfectly suited for the jobs. Most importantly to the growers, slave labor was very cheap. The planters invested in slaves rather than machinery to increase production. Slavery originated from a concept known as indentured servitude. One half to two-thirds of all immigrants to Colonial America arrived as indentured servants. At times, as many as 75% of the population of some colonies were under terms of the indenture. Even on the frontier, according to the 1790 U.S. Census, 6% of the Kentucky population was indentured. The historic basis for indenture grew out of English agricultural servitude and began because of labor shortages in England and the colonies. It developed at a time when England had a great number of people being displaced from farming. This led to the early growth of the indentured labor system. The importation of white servants under contracts known as indentures proved more profitable as a short-term labor source than enslaving Indians or using free labor. Eventually, the final attempt to ease labor shortages was enslavement of Africans. A labor-intensive cash crop such as tobacco required a large workforce. The earliest indentured servants were brought to Virginia as farm laborers. In practice, the servant would sell himself to an agent or ship captain before leaving the British Isles. In turn, the contract would be sold to a buyer in the colonies to recover the cost of the passage. In theory, the person is only selling his or her labor. In practice, however, indentured servants were slaves, and the courts enforced the laws that made it so. The treatment of the servant was harsh and often brutal. Colonial laws punished runaway indentured servants with severity. The government initially soug...

Business Law (International) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Law (International) - Coursework Example The United States Supreme court has stated that "The legal right of an individual to decrease the amount of what would otherwise be his taxes or altogether avoid them, by means which the law permits, cannot be doubted." [Wikipedia] Tax can be averted by: To minimize their tax liability within the United States and to try to reduce tax disadvantages, a growing number of American corporations have been moving their headquarters offshore, a procedure known as â€Å"corporate inversion.† A corporation opens a subsidiary in another country’s jurisdiction. That subsidiary then buys up the shares or assets of the parent corporation, becoming the legal â€Å"Mother Company,† with the U.S. facility now transformed into the subsidiary. Virtually nothing else changes as a result of this inversion. Manufacturing, jobs, sales, and marketing remain as they were before. It is basically just a paperwork process to shift the company’s ownership outside the United States to avoid such fiscal disadvantages as double-taxing of earnings. It is not costless. The formal selling of the shares by the stockholders results in a capital gains on which they then have a tax liability to the U.S. government, even though those sold shares are merely transferred into shares of the newly relocated company. Yet a growing number of companies have chosen to make this move with shareholder approval because of the long-run tax savings for the corporation. (Clarkson, 2008) One company, Seasons Steel of Australia, Sydney, made this shift to Bermuda because they estimated that while capital gains taxes owed by shareholders to the U.S. Treasury would be as much as $150 million as a result of the inversion, the company would save as much as $30 million per year in tax liabilities. Assuming a 2.5 percent interest rate, over 10 years this would result in a savings of $263 million in present-value terms. At the same time, the company estimated that the higher profitability of the firm resulting from the

Managing people- Structure and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing people- Structure and Culture - Essay Example The secret of their success is that they try to do every work with efficiency. In order to perform efficiently researchers have identified many theories and models, which organizations have adopted freely. These have focused on the theories and models of organization structure and culture. Both of these are very important for an organizations success. In order to study in detail the structure and culture of an organization I have selected one of the largest banks in UK which is HSBC. This paper not only focuses on discussing the structure of bank but also identifies it impact on the workforce and the possible changes in future (Mullins Laurie J, 2007, p.550) In today’s global environment HSBC bank is the biggest financial service provider. It is one of the largest banks in UK, having its headquarters in London. It has 10,000 offices in 82 states some of which are in Middle East, Asia –Pacific Regions, Africa, Europe, United Kingdom etc. it have a wide network. HSBC Holdings Plc has 200,000 shareholders in hundred nations, such as in Hong Kong, UK, Paris, New York etc. Due to the facilities of internet and other technological systems HSBC provides many financial services to the customers, which includes personal financial services, investment banking, commercial banking, and other products and services. HSBC mainly considers principles and values in the organization. It provides financial services to small and medium sized enterprises. It has more than three million customers on the list which includes public companies, incorporated businesses, associations, clubs, partnership and sole proprietorship. HSBC organizational structure model is similar to the model defined in the theories of organizational behavior as shown in figure 1. A normal model of structural framework is used in a chart. It emphasizes on the fact that organizational structure provides

MBA BUSINESS ANALYSIS, portfolio 1 sub Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MBA BUSINESS ANALYSIS, portfolio 1 sub - Essay Example Business analytics is the key for the company to run its business activities. As Vijayan (2011, p. 1) states, â€Å"predictive analytics approaches are focused on helping companies glean actionable intelligence based on historical data†. For working on the data provided by the clients and checking its operational feasibility through predictive models, the use of business analytics seems essential. Moreover, the company also uses management information system to manage information in a logical manner. The management information system helps the company in storing and processing of information into useful data which can be used for decision making purposes. Let us take a real life example of the use of business analytics in Front Guide investment Solutions. A client goes to the company to know whether he/she should make investment in the telecom sector of any particular country or not. Now, the company will gather data related to the telecom sector of that country which may incl ude annual revenue, growth potential, GDP deflator, and other important data and will perform statistical analysis of the data to know whether investment in that sector will be a feasible option for the client or not. Looking at this example, it is obvious that the company is a data driven organization and has adopted the use of business analytics to a great extent. How is it benefiting from doing so? The company is getting a number of considerable benefits from the use of business analytics. For example, the company is able to provide accurate details about the feasibility of investment to the clients. Clients come to the company to know what the investment will yield for them in future. The company provides the clients with information based on statistical analysis of data which in not only accurate but also very close to reality as the analysis is done using predictive models. As Stubbs (2011, p. 1) states, â€Å"the value of analytics lies in its ability to deliver better outco mes†. The more the employees will be skilled in using business analytics, more accurate and consistent will be the results of analysis. The well organized business analytics system also provides many other benefits for the company. For example, one of the main benefits of using business analytics appears when the company applies re-apply existing competencies to get real life data regarding investment scenarios. The company also applies modeling skills to increase the revenue, improve customer retention, and maintain the business image. Along with improving the business efficiency, business analytics helps the company in avoiding the risk of miscommunication by communicating the value of business analytics clients in such a way that become able to build support and gain traction. Business analytics does not just relate to statistics, it also plays a key role in organizational change processes (Stubbs 2011). Do analytics contribute to business performance and profitability? The business analytics definitely contribute to improved business performance and profitability. It helps the company maintain its competitive advantage that comes from the firm’s ability to capitalize on uniqueness. Front Guide investment Solutions has the potential to make use of that exact uniqueness in a unique and matchless way. The company takes advantage critical data, which is the biggest

Fine Art, Photography And Influence In Dadaism

Fine Art, Photography And Influence In Dadaism Photography has played a controversial but an important role in the arts for the last 150 years. The question is still debated whether photography is an art or a form of documentation seen by the eye instead of the mind. Since its beginnings, photography, as an art form has been questioned the view is that photography is not an art, but a form of mechanical reproduction, it was slandered as being more technological than creative. Dadaists, in contrast, embraced photography, enjoying its modern means of creation. Their experiments with the medium include use of double exposures, radical perspective, and unconventional subjects. Dadaists also experimented with photograms, camera-less photographic prints that record the placement of objects on photosensitive paper that has been exposed to light; these are among some of the earliest abstract photographs. The Dadaists were the first artists to abandon conventional materials and techniques.Raoul Haussmann, John Heartfield, and Hannah Hoch invented photo-montage a collage of separate photographs that is re-photographed so that the final image is converted back into a seamless photographic print. The original aim of the Movement was far removed from the world of art, and was primarily political in nature. To its supporters Dada was not art, it was anti art, and for everything art stood for dada was to represent the opposite they wanted to affect all aspects of Western civilization, to take part in the revolutionary changes which were the inevitable result of the chaos of the First World War They were not interested in painting pictures which the public would admire in an detached manner, they wanted to provoke the public into reacting to their activities. To the Dadaists, a violently negative reaction was better than a passive acceptance. The artwork consisted of photomontages paintings, advertisements, collages, poetry, essays, leaflets and combinations of multiple art forms. Dada influenced almost every artistic principle of our time. Protests in the US during the 1960s copied those of the Dadaists during and after the World Wars. Dada artists developed new techniques of collage and montage and pioneered the use of materials such as newspaper clippings and postcards in their works. A weaving together of photographs and paper to create a new artistic image The main representatives of Dadaism were Hans Arp, Marcel Duchamp, Hugo ball, Francis Picabia, Max Ernst, Raoul Haussmann, Man Ray, John Heartfield Marcel Janco, Kurt Schwitters, Hannah Hoch, Sophie Taeuber Arp. Max Ernst born in Germany, 1891-1976 enrolled at Bonn University in 1909 and studied philosophy, art history, literature, psychology and psychiatry. In 1914 he met Hans Arp a founder member of Dada in Cologne. The two soon became friends and their friendship lasted for fifty years. With the outburst of the First World War Ernst was conscripted to the army,, He fought in France and Poland, in his autobiography he referred to his time in the army On the first of August 1914 Max Ernst died. He was resurrected on the eleventh of November 1918which suggests to me, that a part of himself died when he enlisted in the war, which started on Aug 1st and that the day the war ended 11th Nov he felt hed come alive again .His artwork reflected his experiences in battle using military photographs as source material for photomontages and considering he studied psychology and art history in University , violence and brutality were probably no reflection of the man he was. Pasting together images of planes or bombs with humans, Collage is the exploitation of the chance meeting of two distant realities on an unfamiliar plane -Max Ernst, 1919 The Punching Ball or the Immortality of Buonarroti 1920 Self Portrait Photomontage, gouache, and ink on photograph Painting is not for me either decorative amusement, or the plastic invention of felt reality; it must be every time: invention, discovery, revelation. Max Ernst. Man Ray born Emmanuel Radnitzky1890-1976 an American photographer and painter raised in New York Beginning as a commercial artist in New York, he taught himself photography to reproduce his paintings and mixed media. Man Ray, was the Dadaist most committed to photography, he abandoned painting altogether, and dedicated his art making after 1918 to film and photography. He had his first solo show of paintings and drawings in 1915. His first Dada-style work, an assemblage he called Self-Portrait, was shown in 1916. After meeting Marcel Duchamp, he founded the American branch of the Dada movement. The New York Dadaists tended to be more optimistic than their European counterparts. Dadaist ideas were not really accepted by New Yorkers and Man Ray left America to live and work in Paris in 1921, he set up a photography studio and began making photograms, which he called Rayographs. These Rayographs summarise the essence of Dadaism and Surrealism. His experiments with photography included rediscovering how to make camera less pictures. He made them by placing objects directly on light-sensitive paper, which he exposed to light and developed them In Paris he created one of his best known Dadaist artworks: Indestructible Object (1923), a metronome with a photo of an eye attached to its clicking arm. artists such as James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, and Jean Cocteau posed for Man Rays camera. When Dada dispelled, Ray was already an active Surrealist Man Rays negative portrait of Jacqueline Goddard (1930) initialled by the photographer in pencil, is one of the photographers many images of women. Printed from an auto chrome, as opposed to a conventional negative, the auto chrome, used in place of a negative during the printing process, yielded a photograph with reversed tones and a diffuse luminosity. Man Ray rotated the picture to 90 degrees, so that Goddard who had been lying down during the sitting, appears in the finished print to float in space with her hair streaming dramatically behind her John Heartfield born Helmut Herzfeld 1891 1968 was a German photomontagist, draughtsman, typographer and stage designer John Heartfield and his siblings were abandoned by their parents his mother, a political activist, and his father, a socialist writer had to flee Germany to avoid persecution for their political beliefs. The children were raised by relatives and in institutions From 1907 to 1911 John Heartfield studied art at the KÃ ¶nigliche Kunstgewerbeschule in Munich , specializing in poster design. In the summer of 1916, Germany had been using an offensive nationalistic slogan: Gott Strafe England or May God Punish England. This angered Helmut who protested by changing his name to John Heartfield. John Heartfield played a major role in the Dada Movement, he learned techniques and styles from many other artists who expressed their political ideas through art. His experiences in World War I led him to conclude that the only worthy art, was that which took account of social realities. He witnessed a country of hungry, desolate people in the midst of chaos during the Second World War, and through his art, protested their suffering. He took a sarcastic approach, condemning the anti-semite and the wealthy industrialists who supported the German army Most of his career was spent declaring his opposition to Hitler and the Nazi Regime and he used his art to protest the violent, greedy governmental control of the Nazi party. His politically charged photomontages were banned in his home country during the Nazi regime In 1939 the Arcade Gallery in London showed one of Heartfields most famous exhibitions, One Mans War against Hitler . This piece is Hearfields interpretation of the Nazi military slogan. Blood dripping from the swastika infers that the military (weapons and soldiers) was all Germany needed for victory. Bismarck had stated that the German people would be reformed through a combination of blood and iron. Heartfields 1934 photomontage shows how this was to be interpreted in reality In my opinion Dada was a radical art form that challenged Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime. Dadaists were the first to use photography to create photomontage images which made visible to the world the violence, hypocrisies and chaos of the war and revolution. They used their art and photography as a weapon to express their political dissatisfaction. They weaved together in their photomontages and collages, their thoughts and experiences and associations with the environment and culture they witnessed during their lifetime. Dada seem to me to have been a group of people who stood up an fought back against dictatorship and oppression. While the thunder of guns rolled in the distance, we sang, painted, glued and composed for all our worth. We are seeking an art that would heal mankind from the madness of the age. Jean Arp The photomontage images were created by taking multiple negatives of photos and stacking them together to create a new photo or picture. It is two dimensional with, no perspective or unified point of view. Modern technology today gives us Photoshop and other creative software to create photomontage images, layering and merging photographs together to create new images.

Malaysian :: Business and Management Studies

Malaysian PROTON'S bonnet badge shows a tiger, but a fish might be more appropriate because the state-backed Malaysian car-maker is going from being the largest resident in the small pond of its protected local market to being a minnow in the deep waters of the global car industry. the state-backed Malaysian car-maker is going from being the largest resident in the small pond of its protected local market to being a minnow in the deep waters of the global car industry Malaysia becomes a richer, more discerning car market with lower trade barriers Southeast asia's economy is growing again, and that has triggered record vehicle sales. in Southeast Asia Malaysia is second hootest market after china is clearly the biggest [sales] opportunity for car manufacturers anywhere in Asia. Just 1 in 35 Indonesians owns a car, compared with 1 in 14 Thais and 1 in 7 Malaysians. Right now car purchasers can get loans on a new model with as little as 5% cash up front. That compares with the 20% down payments common just a few years ago. Unlike in China and India, big global auto makers aren't rushing to build manufacturing capacity in high-risk Indonesia. Proton and Perodua are Malaysia's two main domestic manufacturers, claiming over 70 percent of a market where demand is estimated at around 500,000 cars this year. Two other companies also assemble cars locally. While the government continues to encourage small and medium-scale players, there may also be a need to consider steps to consolidate among the many vendors (suppliers) in the automotive industry in order to gain scale, financial strength and managerial talent to expand internationally," Najib Razak told the conference. Political system 1. government While the government continues to encourage small and medium-scale players, there may also be a need to consider steps to consolidate among the many vendors (suppliers) in the automotive industry in order to gain scale, financial strength and managerial talent to expand internationally," Najib Razak told the conference. That suppliers power 2. Malaysia drops duties, adds tax Import duties on cars from outside Southeast Asia will be lowered to 35 percent for knocked-down models, and to 80 percent to 200 percent on fully built models, the government said. Malaysia said it would wait until 2008 to further reduce motor vehicle import duties, to the required range of zero percent to 5 p â€Å"On this basis, the government does not expect major price changes in the cars produced or assembled in Malaysia during 2005.† ercent. Market 1. Malaysia's market is too small to sustain more than one or two domestic car makers, given increasing competition from imports. 2. Malaysia Market Summary Malaysia is a member of the Association of South East Asian Nations

Leadership Lessons from D-Day: A Book Review

For this book review, I chose Victory Principles: Leadership Lessons from D-Day by Leonard Kloeber, Jr., a retired army officer.This book is not only a mere history book but it also provides a lesson on leadership principles based on what was applied by the Allied leaders during those crucial moments that characterized D-Day (also known as Operation Overlord) from the planning stage to the actual execution of the operation which was a success and eventually led to the liberation of Europe from Nazi occupation.The first part is more of a historical narrative.   The Kloeber narrates the important events that were considered the defining moments of D-Day which are organized into chapters.   The prelude in included to set the tone and help put the reader on the proper perspective in approaching the book and what it is all about.Each chapter mentioned important leaders during the operation, not just for trivia but describing what they did that made success possible.   These are lead ers who were actually there with the men as they saw action.Such senior leaders were Brigadier General Norman Cota, assistant division commander of the 29th Infantry Division which landed on Omaha Beach and received the brunt of the fighting. It also featured junior leaders such as Lieutenant Richard Winters, of Easy Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne who led the company to neutralize an enemy gun emplacement menacing the beaches (Kloeber, Jr., 2009, pp. 61-62, 83).   What these leaders had in common was they made crucial decisions under fire but since they were in the thick of the action, they had a grasp of the situation and came up with crucial decisions that led to victory.Part Two provides an analysis as Kloeber spelled out what he called â€Å"Victory Principles† which were applied by the above-mentioned leaders which were key to the success of D-Day. One example of these principles was resilience which was demonstrated by Generals Cota and Roosevelt when their m en were under fire.They did not panic and maintained their composure which was the glue that kept the men together even though they were taking casualties (Kloeber, Jr, 2009, pp. 208-209).Another principle discussed was making timely decisions as applied by Lieutenant Winters when he and his men carried out their mission which was successful (Kloeber, Jr, 2009, p. 186).   It can be seen that the author did a great job organizing his ideas by telling the story first and discussing the relevant principles.   He was able to establish a connection between the two parts.Part Three is what military leaders call the â€Å"Staff Ride† where military students would tour the battlefield to get a feel of what has happened though not necessarily during actual combat as part of applying the lessons learned in the classroom.The purpose here is to immerse them â€Å"spiritually† and by making them picture themselves being there and it is proven to be an effective method when unde rstanding the principles.   An appendix is added which provides supplemental details on D-Day.Overall, Kloeber’s book is not only for history students but also those who wish to be enlightened on leadership principles and the author has done a good job identifying them and showing how they were applied as well as mentioning their applicability in any kind of situation which need not be about combat.ReferenceKloeber Jr., L. (2009). Victory Principles: Leadership Lessons from D-Day. Garden City, New York: Morgan James Publishing, LLC..

Abortion in America misc essays

Abortion in America misc essays One of the most debated issues in America is abortion: Pro-life or pro-choice. This is a decision that each person has to make for him or herself. Many people say that abortion is the woman's choice. I firmly believe, however, that if the woman is willing to have sex, she should be willing to suffer the consequences. Being a female myself, I am now with the consequences of choosing to be sexually active. But after hearing that innocent heartbeat, I know it will be worth it. Not everyone feels this way. Over one million babies will be aborted this year because of the careless actions of the sexually active. When Roe v. Wade legalized abortion, it was because a woman was raped and became pregnant due to those unfortunate circumstances, not because she was looking for the easy way out (Schmitt). Abortion has become a form of birth control. Instead of using condoms, birth control, and the best form, abstinence, women have turned to killing the innocent. Abortion is at an all time high. Once a sperm and an egg meet, the egg is fertilized. "You then have a new human being. You have the total DNA, everything that human being will ever be" (Pro-Life). This is not an ant to be stepped on; this is a human life being put to an end because of the negligence of two people (National). In the last few years, the right to die has been a highly debated issue in America. Should people with terminal illnesses be able to choose whether they live or die? I feel this relates well to the issue of abortion. Being pregnant is not a terminal illness. It's not an illness at all. It's a live, breathing, growing human being. Shouldn't that human being have the right to life? Lawmakers have said that people do not have the right to die, so why can't a baby have the right to live? Life is a precious thing, whether inside or outside of the body. It is not something to be toyed with or taken granted of. A baby, no m ...

Robert the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn

Robert the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn Conflict: The Battle of Bannockburn occurred during the First War of Scottish Independence (1296-1328). Date: Robert the Bruce defeated the English on June 24, 1314. Armies Commanders: Scotland King Robert the BruceEdward Bruce, Earl of CarrickSir Robert KeithSir James DouglasThomas Randolph, Earl of Moray6,000-6,500 men England King Edward IIEarl of HerefordEarl of Gloucesterapproximately 20,000 men Battle Summary: In the spring of 1314, Edward Bruce, brother of King Robert the Bruce, laid siege to English-held Stirling Castle. Unable to make any significant progress, he struck a deal with the castles commander, Sir Philip Moubray, that if the castle was not relieved by Midsummer Day (June 24) it would be surrendered to the Scots. By the terms of the deal a large English force was required to arrive within three miles of the castle by the specified date. This arrangement displeased both King Robert, who wished to avoid pitched battles, and King Edward II who viewed the potential loss of the castle as a blow to his prestige. Seeing an opportunity to regain the Scottish lands lost since his fathers death in 1307, Edward prepared to march north that summer. Assembling a force numbering around 20,000 men, the army included seasoned veterans of the Scottish campaigns such as the Earl of Pembroke, Henry de Beaumont, and Robert Clifford. Departing Berwick-upon-Tweed on June 17, it moved north through Edinburgh and arrived south of Stirling on the 23rd. Long aware of Edwards intentions, Bruce was able to assemble 6,000-7,000 skilled troops as well as 500 cavalry, under Sir Robert Keith, and approximately 2,000 small folk. With the advantage of time, Bruce was able train his soldiers and better prepare them for the coming battle. The basic Scottish unit, the schiltron (shield-troop) consisted of around 500 spearmen fighting as a cohesive unit. As the immobility of schiltron had been fatal at the Battle of Falkirk, Bruce instructed his soldiers in fighting on the move. As the English marched north, Bruce shifted his army to the New Park, a wooded area overlooking the Falkirk-Stirling road, a low-lying plain known as the Carse, as well as a small stream, the Bannock Burn, and its nearby marshes. As the road offered some of the only firm ground on which the English heavy cavalry could operate, it was Bruces goal to force Edward to move right, over the Carse, in order to reach Stirling. To accomplish this, camouflaged pits, three feet deep and containing caltrops, were dug on both sides of the road. Once Edwards army was on the Carse, it would be constricted by the Bannock Burn and its wetlands and forced to fight on a narrow front, thus negating its superior numbers. Despite this commanding position, Bruce debated giving battle until the last minute but was swayed by reports that English morale was low. On June 23, Moubray arrived in Edwards camp and told the king that battle was not necessary as the terms of the bargain had been met. This advice was ignored, as part of the English army, led by the Earls of Gloucester and Hereford, moved to attack Bruces division at the south end of the New Park. As the English approached, Sir Henry de Bohun, nephew of the Earl of Hereford, spotted Bruce riding in front of his troops and charged. The Scottish king, unarmored and armed with only a battle axe, turned and met Bohuns charge. Evading the knights lance, Bruce cleaved Bohuns head in two with his axe. Chastised by his commanders for taking such a risk, Bruce simply complained that he had broken his axe. The incident helped inspire the Scots and they, with aid of the pits, drove off Gloucester and Herefords attack. To the north, a small English force led by Henry de Beaumont and Robert Clifford was also beaten off by the Scottish division of the Earl of Moray. In both cases, the English cavalry was defeated by the solid wall of Scottish spears. Unable to move up the road, Edwards army moved to the right, crossing the Bannock Burn, and camped for the night on the Carse. At dawn on the 24th, with Edwards army surrounded on three sides by the Bannock Burn, Bruce turned to the offensive. Advancing in four divisions, led by Edward Bruce, James Douglas, the Earl of Moray, and the king, the Scottish army moved towards the English. As they drew near, they paused and knelt in prayer. Seeing this, Edward reportedly exclaimed, Ha! they kneel for mercy! To which an aid replied, Yea sire, they kneel for mercy, but not from you. These men will conqueror or die. As the Scots resumed their advance, the English rushed to form up, which proved difficult in confined space between the waters. Almost immediately, the Earl of Gloucester charged forward with his men. Colliding with the spears of Edward Bruces division, Gloucester was killed and his charge broken. The Scottish army then reached the English, engaging them along the entire front. Trapped and pressed between the Scots and the waters, the English were unable to assume their battle formations and soon their army became a disorganized mass. Pushing forward, the Scots soon began to gain ground, with the English dead and wounded being trampled. Driving home their assault with cries of Press on! Press on! the Scots attack forced many in the English rear to flee back across the Bannock Burn. Finally, the English were able to deploy their archers to attack the Scottish left. Seeing this new threat, Bruce ordered Sir Robert Keith to attack them with his light cavalry. Riding forward, Keiths men struck the archers, driving them from the field. As the English lines began to waver, the call went up On them, on them! They fail! Surging with renewed strength, the Scots pressed home the attack. They were aided by the arrival of the small folk (those lacking training or weapons) who had been held in reserve. Their arrival, coupled with Edward fleeing the field, led to the English armys collapse and a rout ensued. Aftermath: The Battle of Bannockburn became the greatest victory in the history of Scotland. While full recognition of Scottish independence was still several years off, Bruce had driven the English from Scotland and secured his position as king. While exact numbers of Scottish casualties are not known, they are believed to have been light. English losses are not known with precision but may have ranged from 4,000-11,000 men. Following the battle, Edward raced south and finally found safety at Dunbar Castle. He never again returned to Scotland.

Radio Wave Propagation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Radio Wave Propagation - Essay Example So waves lose strength rapidly. [1] Radio waves travel very fast but only in a straight line. Thus the curvature of the earth should limit the distance between transmitter and receiver, a distance of about 60 miles 100 km). However, the earth's atmosphere has properties that allow enhanced propagation. The atmosphere is layered, and these layers have important effects on waves that are propagated on the earth's surface. The layer called the troposphere is a heavy, oxygen filled layer that extends from the surface to about 30 miles (50 km) altitude. From 30m (50 km) to 260m (416 km) is a highly charged layer called the ionosphere. The ionosphere affects radio signals in different ways depending on their frequencies. [2] The frequencies used for radio propagation range from 30 kHz to 3 GHz. Frequencies are continuous but are defined in bands according to their properties and uses. Higher frequencies have shorter wave lengths and more energy: LF waves are propagated as ground waves which, as the name implies, travel along the ground. Because the ground and its terrain interfere with ground waves, transmission requires lots of power. LF waves are used mainly in maritime communications over the sea and the navigational system called LORAN. [4] Sometimes ground waves suffer from a reflecting wave off the ionosphere that can return to earth out of phase near the receiver and interfere with the direct reception. MF wave frequencies are used for AM radio broadcasting. They are also ground waves and during the daylight hours are limited to a range of about 60 miles (100 km). But radio waves can be bent or refracted by changes in the earth's atmosphere particularly by weather patterns and by the ionosphere. The Ionosphere consists of the "D" (30-60 miles [50-100 km]), "E" (60-100 miles [100-160 km]), F1 (90-160 miles [144-256 km]), and the F2 (160-250 miles [256-400 km]) layers. At night, the "E" layer disappears and the F1 and F2 layers combine to form the "F" layer (somewhere between 90 and 250 miles [144-400 km]). Since the "E" layer disappears at night, the lower frequency Sky Waves (MF) travel further up into the atmosphere, where they are REFRACTED by the "F" layer[ up to 300m]. That's why at night, your radio often picks up many more AM broadcast stations! [4] HF waves have enough energy to reach the ionosphere during the day and are refracted by its various layers. Thus short-wave can travelled much further than the curvature of the earth would normally allow. This Sky Wave propagation depends strongly on the ionosphere which is in constant flux. The ionosphere is affected by many astronomical events like meteor showers and solar flares; it is also affected by seasons. Because the ionosphere changes so much, short-wave is considered unreliable for important commercial use. However, some of the effects on radio transmission are positive. These so-called anomalous propagations are of

Creation Myth Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Creation Myth Project - Essay Example The matter and energy did not exist as separate entities, but rather there existed a vastness filled by senseless, meaningless, formless, nebulous space that pervaded every inch of a universe that was without any dimensions, forms or meanings. The universe was thirsty for a sense of form, dimensions and meaning. Then at the very center of this formless, dimensionless and shapeless world, there emerged a scintillating, shimmering, and incessantly vibrating substance element. In a world that was hitherto substance less, it was the first thing that could be called to be a substance, if it was a substance. This substance atom, this substance particle achieved enhanced sense of shimmering, vibration and scintillation, indicative of some infinite energy that was poised to both pervade and envelope the disturbing zero all around. The vibration soon increased to enhanced levels of humming and void, and the nooks and corners of this pervasive null were filled with an incessant and disturbing, humming. Fear gripped the hearts and minds of the entire creation that was yet to be. A sense of urgency, a sense of apprehension, and fear imbued the entire, pervasive nothingness. And then this substance element lost form and started to emit vast rays of energy, just a millisecond before it burst into flames and water. The flames scattered all around the surrounding vacuum and emptiness, finally cooled by its chillness and silence, to yield land masses or what the generations were to call planets. The water emanating from this bursting of the substance particle filled the cracks and crevices of these land masses. There emerged to be oceans, rivers and lakes full of water. The atomic content emanating from this elemental burst gave way to a chemical soup, which eventually shaped by the heat of this burst evolved to form organic molecules. The incessant cycle of life had been initiated in which the molecular organic creations further evolved

Strategic management developement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Strategic management developement - Essay Example All these resources may become useless unless the organization formulate suitable strategies to exploit it. For example, Apple Inc was on the verge of destruction in 80’s and 90’s because of the loop holes in the strategic management of its business. However, Steve Jobs changed the business strategies of Apple Inc during the latter part of 90’s and at the beginning of 2000. The transformation of Apple Company from a computer company to a consumer electronics company has brought huge success. At present, Apple Inc. is the second largest company in the world in terms of market capitalization and they are the most valuable technology company in the world. At the same time, Microsoft was the leader in IT industry until a couple of years before. Same thing cannot be said about them now. Samsung is another company which was successful in developing suitable business strategies to increase its competitive power in global market. In short, strategic management of busines s is the most important topic in the organizational world at present. This paper analyses various theories with respect to strategic management in general and Porters five Forces Model theory in specific. General Discussion: Strategic Management â€Å"Good strategy is about letting alone and about creating the conditions of innovative adaptations† (Robert and Holt, 2009, p.56). Innovation is the key for organizational success. In the absence of innovative strategies, organizations may struggle to survive in the heavily competitive business world. As mentioned earlier, Apple Inc. is one company which showed the importance of innovation to the business world recently. It should be noted that Nokia was the leader in the mobile phone industry until recent times. They thought that nobody can question their supremacy in the mobile phone industry. Apple proved Nokia wrong. When all the traditional mobile phone manufacturing companies thought about enhancing the features of mobile ph ones, Apple thought differently and developed the touchscreen phone. The entry of iPhone in the mobile phone market caused huge problems to mobile phone manufacturers including Nokia. At present Apple is one among the top two mobile phone manufacturers in the world. In fact Nokia and other mobile phone manufacturers forced to follow the path of Apple. According to De Wit and Meyer (2010), â€Å"the four components of strategy are market opportunity, corporate competence and resources, personal values and aspirations and acknowledged obligations to segments of society other than stakeholders (p.76). Sustainable business practice is gaining grounds at present. It is impossible for modern organizations to excel in the market without showing commitments to corporate social responsibility. Companies which follow unethical business behaviours are blacklisted by the modern consumers. The reputation and brand image of the company is important things for the modern consumers. In short, ethi cal business practices are part of strategic business management at present. â€Å"Since the world is changing rapidly, we can also expect the firm’s strategy to do so. This may involve developing new bases of competitive advantage or completely new lines of business†(Fitzroy and Hulbert, 2004, p.5). Diversification of business is one of the major elements in strategic management. It should be noted that competition is increasing day by day in global market after the introduction of globalization. Along with existing players, new players are also

Close Adoption vs Open Adoption Essay Example for Free

Close Adoption vs Open Adoption Essay The concept of adoption was not legally recognized in the United States until the 1850’s, with the inception of the first adoption laws. While transfers of children to substitute parents or now known as â€Å"adoptive parents† had occurred informally since American colonial times, adoption laws legitimized the informal adoptive arrangements which previously existed. There are now two different forms of adopting a child: open or closed adoptions. Although there are two options for adoption, all adoptions should be considered closed until an adoptee is 21. The adoption process for closed adoptions differs from the open adoption process and has more benefits. The open adoption process, is in which the adoptive parents actually meet and usually stay in touch with the birthparents. Birthparents voice in choosing their childs adoptive parents. Both open adoption and closed adoption use agencies or a lawyer, but in open adoption the agency gives the birthparents biographies of prospective adoptive parents, and the birthparents pick the family they are most comfortable with or â€Å"click† (Winerip 1). Compared to closed adoption, the prospective adoptive family would put their name on a list, and wait for the social worker to make a match. This doesn’t involve the need of personalities between families to match, just the potential factor of a good child support system which is the most important aspect. â€Å"Conversely, if they want a closed adoption, they shouldn’t be pressured into an open adoption because adopters may find it harder to fulfill their side of the agreement such as: sending the birthmother photos or visiting† (â€Å"Family Education† 2). Also, in open adoption the birthparents and adoptive parents meet, and might be in touch frequently during the pregnancy while closed adoption the adoptive parents didnt know where the child came from, or who his or her birthparents were which gives them more of sense that the child belongs to them and deserves all their love as if it was given birth by the adoptive mother. Many times the adoptive parents in an open adoption are able to witness their childs birth and some of these families stay in touch through their adoption agency, especially on birthdays and holidays. Others become friends or create somewhat of an â€Å"extended family†. During closed adoption however, there is no contact between birth and adoptive families. This gives both families a sense of closure. Through the closed adoption process no identifying information is provided, giving a type of curiosity back to the adoptive parents on what their child may look like instead of seeing the birth mother and assuming that that child will look like her. They are only given non-identifying information (e. g. , height in the birth family, potential hair color, medical history, ect. is provided through the third party such as the agency or attorney. When adoptions are closed, the files are usually physically sealed until the age of 21 to the adoptee and the adoptive parents giving everyone a sense of closure (Thompson 1). Closed adoption and open adoption have a key difference including the involvement of the birthparents from their point of view that is more beneficial when the adoption is closed. Open adoption birth parents experience a sense of less guilt as a benefit (Gray 27) of the adoption but what benefit does the child rear? Adoption should be more for the child and less for the birth parents emotional ground. But closed adoption does give the birth parents privacy because â€Å"placing a child for adoption is an extremely sensitive and vulnerable choice. Having a closed adoption creates an opportunity for a stronger sense of privacy,† (â€Å"N. A. I. C. H. † 1) and it can also reduce fear because â€Å"some birth mothers are concerned about explaining their choice, and a closed adoption serves as a way to prevent them from a confrontation with a child placed for adoption† (â€Å"N. A. I. C. H. † 1). Closed adoption rids the birth parents of the responsibility they were not ready for in the first place and gives the child a chance at a better life with more responsible individuals. In some cases, closed adoption kills two birds with one stone by riding a birth parent of the embarrassment of not being prepared or financially stable for a child while giving the adoptive child a chance for a better life with an adoptive family that is looking for a child to give love and a good life too. Closed adoption is more beneficial from the Adoptive parents’ viewpoint rather than open adoption. Open adoption gives the birth parents the option to demand wants of the adoptive parents and those demands may cross boundaries. In a sense, an adoptive family may get the feeling of â€Å"affirmation- As an adoptive family, you may experience a sense of empowerment or encouragement knowing that you were chosen as the adoptive family† (â€Å"N. A. I. C. H. † 2) but birth parents may still want to be in the adoptee’s life as extended family but two mom’s and two dad’s? Would that not confuse a small child? With closed adoption, the adoptive parents have full responsibility and there is no answering to birth parents or any fuzzy oundaries of rules and expectations for a child such as â€Å"birth parent interference or co-parenting concerns† (â€Å"N. A. I. C. H. † 1). The adoptive family is given the full privilege of raising their adoptive child how they would like to and â€Å"family freedom- if the birth families are not involved, the adoptive family is free to have their family time without restraints of visitations and on-going communication† (â€Å"N. A. I. C. H. † 1). It is even up to the adoptive family to decide to tell child that he/she is adopted. Closed adoption is safer for the adoptive child rather than open adoption and has more benefits. Open adoptions give the child his/her identity and suppose that by chance the birth parents are properly functioning human beings, which would give the adopted child an extended family that was healthy (â€Å"American Pregnancy Association† 1). On the other hand though, what if the child doesn’t wish to know their birth parents because he/she was adopted or their birth parents have issues or mental problems that are not healthy for the child to be around or interact with? Closed adoption eliminates these possibilities. Unless the adoptive child specifically asks who they really are, the child could be completely fine without knowing they’re adopted and have a normal family with one mom and one dad. More often than none, the adoptee’s birth parents give them up for adoption for a reason. This includes the possibilities of an unplanned pregnancy, lacking financially, or just simply aren’t ready for the responsibility. The purpose of adoption is to give the adoptee a better life than it would’ve originally had. In the end, the child still has the option of finding their birth parents records when they are of the age to legally obtain that information.

History of the Aztec Empire :: Pre-Columbian History Culture

History of the Aztec Empire The center of the Aztec civilization was the Valley of Mexico, a huge, oval basin about 7,500 feet above sea level. The Aztecs were formed after the Toltec civilization occurred when hundreds of civilians came towards Lake Texcoco. In the swamplands there was only one piece of land to farm on and it was totally surrounded by more marshes. The Aztec families somehow converted these disadvantages to a mighty empire known as the Aztec Empire. People say the empire was partially formed by a deeply believed legend. As the legend went, it said that Aztec people would create an empire in a swampy place where they would see an eagle eating a snake, while perched on a cactus, which was growing out of a rock in the swamplands. This is what priests claimed they saw when entering the new land. By the year 1325 their capital city was finished. They called it Tenochtitlan. In the capital city, aqueducts were constructed, bridges were built, and chinapas were made. Chinapas were little islands formed by pilled up mud. On these chinapas Aztecs grew their food. The Aztec Empire included many cities and towns, especially in the Valley of Mexico. The early settlers built log rafts, then covered them with mud and planted seeds to create roots and develop more solid land for building homes in this marshy land. Canals were also cut out through the marsh so that a typical Aztec home had its back to a canal with a canoe tied at the door. In the early 1400s, Tenochtitlan joined with Texcoco and Tlacopan, two other major cities in the Valley of Mexico. Tenochtitlan became the most powerful member of the alliance. Montezuma I ruled from 1440 to 1469 and conquered large areas to the east and to the south. Montezuma's successors expanded the empire until it extended between what is now Guatemala and the Mexican State of San Luis Potosi. Montezuma II became emperor in 1502 when the Aztec Empire was at the height of its power. In 1519, the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes landed on the East Coast of Mexico and marched inland to Tenochtitlan. The Spaniards were joined by many of the Indians who were conquered and forced to pay high taxes to the emperor. Montezuma did not oppose Cortes because he thought that he was the God Quetzalcoatl. An Aztec legend said that Quetzalcoatl was driven away by another rival god and had sailed across the sea and would return some day. His return was predicted to come in the year Ce Acatl on the Aztec Calendar.

Analogy of Poetry Essay

The poem There Is Another Sky by Emily Dickinson was a poem written for her brother Austin. Emily uses nature to explain the message she is trying to provide for him. The poem provides a hopeful and positive feeling. The poem is full of optimism and inspiration. The pint of the poem is to provide encouragement and offer guidance. The lines â€Å"Here is a brighter garden† and â€Å"And there is another sunshine† demonstrate the optimism she is trying to portray. There are no stanzas or major events in the poem. The order that the aspects of nature are presented in provides. The last few lines of the poem further enhance the message. The poem ends with an open invitation for Austin to leave his gloomy state. Dickinson shows a sincere concern while providing inspiration for both the readers and her brother. She describes a utopia throughout the poem and uses words to describe a better place such as serene, fair, brighter, and unfading. The title there is another sky provides the since that there is an alternative option instead of a consistent negative outlook on life. There is a change in tone after the dash. Before the dash Dickinson states that there is a negative place and recognizes that everything in life doesn’t always work in your favor. She also uses â€Å"there is† creating distance. After the dash Dickinson implies that there in fact is another sky. She uses â€Å"here is† which implies that she can provide a better situation. Knowing that the poem is for her brother almost obligates you to feel sympathy for him and makes her message even stronger. Overall, Emily is trying to say that entering a new mind set and believing that there is a light at the end of the tunnel can provide you with a new attitude.

Creating Web-Based Instructional Materials Essay

INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The World Wide Web (WWW) is changing the way we learn and the way we teach. Teaching has embraced the innovative ways that WWW can offer to users. WWW allows dynamic and interactive ways of teaching things which are impossible on printed materials. There are on-line courses, on-line tutorials and virtual classrooms. The key to the success of these teaching institutions that proliferated in the web are the effective instructional materials. WBT is media-rich training fully capable of evaluation, adaptation, and remediation that can provide the available tools to organize and deliver content into well-crafted teaching systems (Tobin & Kesselman, 1999). PURPOSE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The purpose of this document is to create a general guideline in creating web based instruction materials. The document will take into consideration the methods that are familiar to the author. GUIDELINES General Steps The general steps in making web-based instructional materials consist of the following (Clay, Harlan & Swanson, 1997): Determining the core competencies to be included the instructional material Determine the contents of the instructional material based on the core competencies selected. Deciding the method or strategy used to convey to the users the ideas presented. Developing the instructional material as a word processed document, an audio or a video material. Mounting or uploading the material into the web Providing the feedback portal for users Beta Testing Final Modification based on feedback, retest and release Determining the core competencies The very first step is deciding the target core competencies for this instruction material. For example, this instruction material may be intended to teach Basic Algebra, Earth Science or Differential Calculus. This will serve as the goal of the web-based instruction material. The intent of the web-based instruction material is to transfer the core competencies from the instruction material to the user. Brainstorming and visiting existing web based instructional materials are good ways of finding the core competencies. Determining the content   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the core competency has been decided, the next step is to produce a structured content. The content should start from the basic principles of the core competencies towards the complicated areas. The structure therefore should be laid out in such a way that it will start from the least difficult to understand to the most difficult to understand. The content formatting should also take into account that the pre-requisite topics should be place ahead. This means that for the contents that is needed to understand another set of content, should be placed ahead. Deciding the method or strategy The method of presentation should be planned before proceeding to the actual development of the material. The method should be based on the target audience of the instructional material. It should be based on the comprehension level of the audience. Novice audience should be given methods that are easy to comprehend such as more images than words. Expert audiences may be presented with more literals than images to maximize the amount of information. Interactive items such as graphs made using either Flash or Java applet technologies should also be considered to convey the relationship between varying variables which can controlled by the user or audience. Developing the Instructional Material The development of the instructional material shall be done in the software that handles editing of html files or more complex file formats. HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are the format of choice as opposed to adobe printable document format (PDF) or word document format. HTML would be more flexible to incorporate interactive objects such as Java applets or Flash Animations. It is the fastest in terms of page loading in the web. The presentation editor software may consist of the following: Microsoft FrontPage Microsoft Word with the proper HTML conversion plugIns HTMLkit Macromedia Flash Adobe Photoshop Other HTML editors and there a thousand available free software in the web At the start, images, interactive applets, video clips, audio clips, or animated gifs shall be prepared ahead using the appropriate software. Graphics should help to convey information and not just be decorative; each page should have a clear title and includes headers and footers (Tobin & Kesselman, 1999). Pictures can be scanned using a scanner to convert into images in jpg, gif, png or bmp format. The other alternative is to take pictures directly using digital cameras. Video clips can be created using digital cameras with video streaming, or using other digital video recorders. Images can be edited using either paint, Microsoft photo editor or more complex image editing tools such as Adobe Photoshop. Interactive applets can be generated using Java Development Kit which can be freely downloaded from the web. In order to be able to run java applets the user PC should have Java Runtime Environment to run java applets, again this can be downloaded for free from the web. Video clips can be prepared using Windows Movie Maker. Animated gifs can be prepared using a number of software free or commercial. These are then integrated into the html file using an html document editor such Microsoft Front Page or HTMLKit. We also need the appropriate sound card and speakers to listen to the audio materials included in the presentation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A summary of all the hardware needed to create instructional materials mentioned above are listed below: PC with Linux or Windows Operating System Scanner to digitize printed pictures and images Digital Camera Digital Video recorders Printers Flash Disk or Pen Drives Sound Card and Speaker Mounting the Material into the Web   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The html files can then be uploaded into the website using either ftp upload or simply using the available upload managers normally provided by web hosting companies. Documents can be linked directly to the directories of the linking page. One of the main aspects when mounting materials into the web is to keep material size to minimum. This would help in the uploading process and also in the loading process of the users. We had to think in terms of kilobyte file sizes, not megabytes because delivery over the Web is too slow to expect users to wait around at your web site for large graphics to appear on their screens (Clay, Harlan & Swanson, 1997). This is because we have to consider that there are still a number of users who are using modems as slow as 28.8 kbps. Providing Feedback Portals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Feedback portals, or any form or method that would allow users to provide feedback is a very important part of a web-based instruction material. This will provide an easy way to evaluate, test or improve using feedback from users. Beta Testing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In any form of development, testing is always an integral part. By going through all the possible paths of the web-based instruction material and testing every possible path is essential to insure proper operation of the instruction material. This may also include testing on various web browser tools. Different web browser tools may cause some degree of difference in the presentation of html files. This step also includes proofreading of the entire material. Any bugs, errors or unwanted features shall be recorder for modification or correction. Final Modification based on Testing, Retest and Release After the beta testing, the errors shall be corrected and retested until no errors persist. Finally, it shall then be released with a proper version control. References    Clay, S. Harlan, S. and Swanson, J. (1997). Continuing Web Education. Retrieved from the USCB Library website: http://www.library.ucsb.edu/universe/clay.html, on January 16, 2007 Tobin, T. and Kesselman, M, (1999). Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Research. Retrieved from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions website: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/102-163e.htm   January 17, 2007   

Anne Hutchingson essays

Anne Hutchingson essays Anne Hutchingson was one of the first women to settle in the New World. She first moved to New England in 1637, she had 20 children and two husbands. She moved to start because Britain wasnt allowing anyone any freedom. Hutchingson believed in the practice of her religion very strongly. She also believes that got spoke to her directly many times. She didnt speak of that for many years though. Anne Hutchingson had held many gatherings had her home in Rhode Island so she could preach her believes (keep them on a holding sounds at her home is against the law,) but Hutchingson didnt care, she went on expressing her beliefs anyway and anywhere she could and people always came to listen to her. That is until one day in 1638 she was caught at home preaching and was put on trial. The trial was called The Trial of Ann Hutchingson. The trial was held in front of the colonists of Rhode Island and went on for over 10 days. The court found her or to be done trustworthy and evil (they called her evil because she stated that she had spoken to god directly) to people that was illegal and they kicked and Hutchingson out of Rhode Island in 1639. After the trial and moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony where she remained for the rest of her life (giving birth to three more children in getting remarried.) in Massachusetts she kept preaching war was legal and people always went to listen what she had to say. ...

Stem Cell Research †English Essay

Stem Cell Research – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Stem Cell Research English Essay Someone you love is suffering from juvenile diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord injury, MS, ALS, certain forms of cancer, or even heart disease. The only hope of finding a cure for these serious diseases is through stem cell research. Would you support stem cell research? Should you support it? Is stem cell research right or wrong? Would you do everything possible to help this loved one whom is suffering every single day of his or her life? These are all diseases that have no cure and often worsen day by day. Stem cell research is the most promising way to finding cures for many of these diseases. What exactly is a stem cell? According to the Stem Cell Act, â€Å"stem cells are unspecialized cells that can develop into more mature, specialized cells. They are found in embryos during their first few days of development, in fetal tissue, and more rarely, in some adult organs. Scientists work with both embryonic and adult stem cells, but embryonic stem cells are the more promising because they are â€Å"pluripotent,† meaning that they have the potential to differentiate into tissue of almost any organ (brain, liver, heart, pancreas, etc.) of the human body. Adult stem cells, on the other hand, are merely â€Å"multipotent† meaning that they generate just a few tissue types, and are difficult to extract and grow, and many tissues cannot be derived from adult stem cells.† This is why stem cells are so important and why scientists think that they can find cures for diseases through stem cell research. What are embryonic stem cells, and why are they important? According to the National Institute of Health, â€Å"embryonic stem cells, as their name suggests, are derived form embryos. Specifically, embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro-in an in vitro fertilization clinic-and then donated for research purposes with informed consent of the donors. They are not derived from eggs fertilized in a woman’s body. They embryos from which human embryonic stem cells are derived are typically four or five days old and are a hollow microscopic ball of cells called the blastocyst. The blastocyst includes three structures: the trophoblast, which is the layer of cells that surrounds the blastocyst; the blastocoel, which is the hollow cavity inside the blastocyst; and the inner cell mass, which is a group of approximately 30 cells at one end of the blastocel.† Embryonic stem cells can be grown in the laboratory. According to the National Institute of Health, â€Å"growing cells in the laboratory is known as cell culture. Human embryonic stem cells are isolated by transferring the inner cell mass into a plastic laboratory culture dish that contains a nutrient broth known as culture medium. The cells divide and spread over the surface of the dish. The inner surface of the culture dish is typically coated with mouse embryonic skin cells that have been treated so they will not divide. This coating layer of cells is called a feeder layer. The reason for having the mouse cells in the bottom of the culture dish is to give the inner cell mass cells a sticky surface to which they can attach. Also, the feeder cells release nutrients into the culture medium. Recently, scientists have begun to devise ways of growing embryonic stem cells without the mouse feeder cells. This is a significant advancement because of the risk that viruses or othe r macromolecules in the mouse cells may be transmitted to the human cells. Over the course of several days, the cells of the inner cell mass proliferate and begin to crowd the culture dish. When this occurs they are removed gently and plated into several fresh dishes. The process of replating the cells is repeated many rimes and for many months, and is also called subculturing. Each cycle of subculturing the cells is referred to as a passage. After six months or more, the original 30 cells of the inner cell mass yield millions of embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells that have proliferated in cell culture for six or more months without differentiating, are pluripotent, and appear genetically normal are referred to as an embryonic stem cell line.† What are adult stem cells? According to the National Institute of Health, â€Å"an adult stem cell is an undifferentiated cell found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ, can renew itself, and can differentiate to yield the major specialized cell types of the tissue or organ. The primary roles of adult stem cells in a living organism are to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found. Some scientists now use the term somatic stem cell instead of adult stem cell. Unlike embryonic stem cells, which are defined by their origin (the inner cell mass of the blastocyst), the origin of adult stem cells in mature tissue is unknown.† Where are adult stem cells found and what do they do? According to the National Institute of Health, â€Å"adult stem cells have been identified in many organs and tissue. One important point to understand about adult stem cells is that there are a very small number of stem cells in each tissue. Stem cells are though to reside in a specific area of each tissue where they may remain quiescent (non-dividing) for many years until they are activated by disease or tissue injury. The adult tissues reported to contain stem cells include brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, skin and liver.† The National Institute of Health also states, â€Å"Research on adult stem cells has recently generated a great deal of excitement. Scientists have found adult stem cells in many more tissues than they once thought possible. This finding has led scientists to ask whether adult stem cells could be used for transplants. In fact, adult blood forming stem cells from bone marrow have been used in transplants for 30 years. Certain kinds of adult stem cells seem to have the ability to differentiate into a number of different cell types, given the right conditions. If this differentiation of adult stem cells can be controlled in the laboratory, these cells may become the basis of therapies for many serious common diseases.† There are many similarities and differences between embryonic and adult stem cells. According to the National Institute of Health, â€Å"human embryonic and adult stem cells each have advantages and disadvantages regarding potential use for cell-based regenerative therapies. Of course, adult and embryonic stem cells differ in the number and type of differentiated cells types they can become. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are generally limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. However, some evidence suggests that adult stem cell plasticity may exist, increasing the number of cell types a given adult stem cell can become. Large numbers of embryonic stem cells can be relatively easily grown in culture, while adult stem cells are rare in mature tissues and methods for expanding their numbers in cell culture have not yet been worked out. This is an important distinctio n, as large numbers of cells are needed for stem cell replacement therapies.† Many people feel that stem cell research is ethically wrong, especially embryonic stem cell research. Many Americans feel that an embryo is a human being, and that it should be treated as one. The destruction of one life can not be justified by trying to save another life. The fact that a frozen embryo will eventually die does not justify killing it prematurely. Many people feel that letting them die is not the same as experimenting on them or killing them. Everyone eventually dies, but that does not justify experimenting on stem cell embryos which in turn will kill them. Although, people feel that experimenting on embryonic stem cells is ethically wrong, they need to look at the benefits that can come from these embryos. By studying embryonic stem cells scientists believe that they will be able to find cures for many diseases that affect people of all ages. Millions of Americans have abortions each and every day. Is abortion ethical? If people are going to be allowed to have abortions, then why not benefit from their choices. If they choose to kill their baby, then why not try to help others by using the embryonic stem cells. It is not like scientists are going to purposely kill embryos. By ending one life, millions and millions of lives can be saved or at least prolonged. It is very important to look at the benefits that can come from embryonic stem cell research, before making a rash decision. President Bush has agreed to government funding of stem cell research. Although, he feels that it is ethically wrong, he believes that by studying embryos that are already frozen and collected, scientists may be able to discover new cures and or treatments for many illnesses. Whether it is ethically right or wrong, many scientists are already experimenting on embryos through privately funded companies. No matter what they do people are not going to be able to stop scientists from experimenting on these embryos, so why not support them. Embryonic stem cell research is now legal in California, which means that many scientists across the nation will move to California to experiment on embryos. California has voted yes on a $3 billion fund for stem cell research. This means that government money will be used along with the privately funded money to pay for stem cell research, which will allow more advanced research. If it is legal in one state, why not allow it in every state. By supporting scientists and allowing them to use government money on stem cell research, we can increase the ability of these scientist to find cures for some of the most critical and crucial diseases. There are many different potential uses of human stem cells and many different obstacles that must be overcome before these potential uses will be realized. According to the National Institute of Health, â€Å"there are many ways in which human stem cells can be used in basic research and in clinical research. However, there are many technical hurdles between the promise of stem cells and the realization of these uses, which will only be overcome by continued intensive stem cell research. Studies of human embryonic stem cells may yield information about the complex events that occur during human development. A primary goal of this work is to identify how undifferentiated stem cells become differentiated. Scientists know that turning genes on and off is central to this process. Some of the most serious medical conditions, such as cancer and birth defects, are due to abnormal cell division and differentiation. A better understanding of the genetic and molecular controls of thes e processes may yield information about how such diseases arise and suggest new strategies for therapy. A significant hurdle to this use and most uses of stem cells is that scientists do not yet fully understand the signals that turn specific genes on and off to influence the differentiation of the stem cell.† Although there are many different battles and obstacles that scientists face in stem cell research, it is the most promising way to cures. Embryonic stem cell research is thought of as unethical, but people should look at the whole picture when deciding whether or not to support it or if it should be allowed. Allowing stem cell research and supporting it would help and maybe even cure millions of people with serious illnesses. Although, there are other alternatives to embryonic stem cell research, it is thought to have the most promise. Embryonic and Adult stem cell research should be allowed as long as there are certain limits placed upon it. This helps in preventing any abuse of the research. Think of the lives that could be saved by this research, and say yes to stem cell research. Research Papers on Stem Cell Research - English EssayGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesQuebec and CanadaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfHip-Hop is ArtMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use